Oral+presentations

= = = GLASS = ==== The glass is a Hard, transparent material commonly used in windows and decorating objects. There isn’t an accurate time where the Glass was made, but this material was found in Egypt and also in Mesopotamia. The glass was first used for windows in the Roman imperial times. Other technique used is stained glass that it’s colored and mostly used on the windows of the churches and temples. As an Art expression the glass when Constantine allow to the cristian built churches and start using colored glass for a meaningful decoration in the windows and also structure. The rose windows are a great type of decorating style where you can admire in Europe, for example in Notre Dame. Other method using the glass in architecture since 1980 is the curtain wall windows. In this type of structure covers all the exterior with glass and the most famous building with this type of process is the Seagram building in California. ==== = = ==== In Venezuela the glass is very common material for many decorative objects, such as mosaics for many purposes, the windows, the doors, in any part of the house, also in buildings and structures. But this is not a very practical material because our tropical weather, because the sun warms the building and goes right trough the glass. ====

= WOOD = ==== The wood is a great element for construction because it’s a natural material that is very easily to process, transport and use, also is very strength. But its disadvantages are well known for its insecurity because isn’t resistant to fire, water and termites for the reason that is an organic material, therefore, it roots. The wood is been used in all around the world because it’s simple to obtain, for its low cost and weigh making it a very useful resource. This material is been used since the construction of shelter. The main places where this material can be found in construction are North America and Europe. It’s a very solid material frequently use in the skeleton of a house and it has many methods for construction. Even in decoration like in a hardwood floor. ====



= = =Spatial organization =

The spatial organization is an arrangement of some elements in space and is the capacity to situate ourselves to determine the position in our reference system To order the different elements of a set.

To appreciate the relation that exist between me and others, is to project a metric aspect.

Components of organization: spatial orientation: like the north, south, east and west. spatial structure: associate with abstraction using perception and memory. Linear organization: Using an imaginary line for determinate structure of a building. metric relation: scale, maps and distance central organization: all comes organized around the center.

=** Properties and Shapes. **= The shape of an object is the space occupied by the object, determined by it's structure. This can be represented on 3D, and 2D formation. The properties are based on color, content, material composition. Also has an spatial properties such as position and orientation in space and size. A 2D shapes can be described by basic geometry such as points, line, curves, planes, etc. Some spatial organizations are: Points, areas and volumes Location distance, direction and density

A wall its an structure that defines, delimitates and protects and area. The bigest wall that has been construct was the China Wall. ** Types of wall ** Building wall: supports roof and ceilings.
 * Walls **

Bundary wall: has the same use as fences but this are made of masonry.

Retaining wall: external or internal that supports the weigh of earth, stone or water.

 =ARCH =

An arch is a type of framing structure, the romans where the first in using this technique. The roman arche is the simplest but not the strongest. the arches span and supports the weight of a structure. Thank to this the domes where able to exist in the architecture. Parts of arches:



=** Structure **=

Structure is the parts that hold everything together. The structure is conformed by: Columns: vertical structural element that transmite the weight of the structure above Beam: carry load. Vertical forces Cantilever. Beam soported without an arm soporting it. Wall. Separate space in a room. Framed structure Arch: curved masonry construction that helps freeing the stress Foundation. Transfers liads to the earth Vault: arched structure of many elements, reinforced the structure of a building celling roof Dome Truss Space frame: used to accomplish long spaces.